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Development Strategy of Smart Agriculture for 2035 in China

Zhao Chunjiang, Li Jin, Feng Xian

Strategic Study of CAE 2021, Volume 23, Issue 4, Pages 1-9 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.04.001

Abstract:

Smart agriculture is an important component of high-quality agriculturalResearch on smart agriculture strategy is significant for developing a medium- and long-term scientificand technological layout and clarifying the development ideas and direction of smart agriculture inrevitalization, this study summarizes the macro demand of high-quality agricultural development for smartConclusions show that developing smart agriculture helps address the low quality and efficiency and weak

Keywords： smart agriculture macro demand overall conception technical route smart farm informatization

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NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1,

Abstract:

• NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing of perennial pasture (ryegrass/white clover).

• Milk production per hectare has increased by about 29% with increased use of externally-sourced feeds over the last two decades.

• Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration can potentially reduce N₂O emissions and N leaching per unit of production.

• Systems analysis is important for evaluating mitigations to minimize trade-offs between environmental impacts.

This paper provides an overview of the range of dairy pasture grazing systems used in New Zealand (NZ), the changes with increased inputs over time and associated key environmental effects including nitrogen (N) leaching and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing and seasonal milk production on perennial ryegrass/clover pasture where cows are rotationally grazed in paddocks. There was an increase in stocking rate on NZ dairy farms from 2.62 cows ha⁻¹ in 2000/2001 to 2.84 cows ha⁻¹ in 2015/2016. During the same period annual milk solids production increased from 315 to 378 kg·yr⁻¹per cow. This performance has coincided with an increase in N fertilizer use (by ~ 30%) and a twofold increase in externally-sourced feeds. Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration (e.g., maize silage) can increase the efficiency of N utilization and potentially reduce N losses per unit of production. Off-paddock facilities (such as standoff or feed pads) are often used to restrict grazing during very wet winter conditions. A systems analysis of contrasting dairy farms in Waikato (largest NZ dairying region) indicates that the increased input would result in an increase in per-cow milk production but little change in efficiency of milk production from a total land use perspective. This analysis also shows that the increased inputs caused an 11% decrease in N footprint (i.e., N emissions per unit of milk production) and a 2% increase in C footprint (i.e., greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of milk production).jiafa.luo@agresearch.co.nz

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NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Jiafa LUO, Stewart LEDGARD

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 148-158 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020372

Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the range of dairy pasture grazing systems used in New Zealand (NZ), the changes with increased inputs over time and associated key environmental effects including nitrogen (N) leaching and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing and seasonal milk production on perennial ryegrass/clover pasture where cows are rotationally grazed in paddocks. There was an increase in stocking rate on NZ dairy farms from 2.62 cows ha in 2000/2001 to 2.85 cows ha in 2015/2016. During the same period annual milk solids production increased from 315 to 378 kg·yr per cow. This performance has coincided with an increase in N fertilizer use (by 30%) and a twofold increase in externally-sourced feeds. Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration (e.g., maize silage) can increase the efficiency of N utilization and potentially reduce N losses per unit of production. Off-paddock facilities (such as standoff or feed pads) are often used to restrict grazing during very wet winter conditions. A systems analysis of contrasting dairy farms in Waikato (largest NZ dairying region) indicates that the increased input would result in an increase in per-cow milk production but little change in efficiency of milk production from a total land use perspective. This analysis also shows that the increased inputs caused an 11% decrease in N footprint (i.e., N emissions per unit of milk production) and a 2% increase in C footprint (i.e., greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of milk production).

Keywords： dairy farms environmental impacts grazing systems intensification mitigation

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Framework design of a hybrid energy system by combining wind farm with small gas turbine power plants

Nengsheng BAO, Weidou NI,

Frontiers in Energy 2010, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 205-210 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0073-2

Abstract: Owing to the stochastic characteristic of natural wind speed, the output fluctuation of wind farm hasa negative impact on power grid when a large-scale wind farm is connected to a power grid.It is very difficult to overcome this impact only by wind farm itself.output from the small gas turbine power plants to compensate for the output fluctuation from the wind farmThe capacity of the wind farm is chosen according to the capacity and units of small gas turbine power

Keywords： framework design hybrid energy system wind farm gas turbine power plants

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Network-based optimization techniques for wind farm location decisions

Jorge Ignacio CISNEROS-SALDANA, Seyedmohammadhossein HOSSEINIAN, Sergiy BUTENKO

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2018, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 533-540 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018025

Abstract: High wind speeds are required to obtain the maximum possible power output of a wind farm.

Keywords： wind energy wind farm location network analysis optimization clique s-plex

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Cryopreservation of farm animal gametes and embryos: recent updates and progress

Zhengyuan HUANG, Lei GAO, Yunpeng HOU, Shien ZHU, Xiangwei FU

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 42-53 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018231

Abstract:

Cryopreservation has undergone tremendous advances and is widely used in animal production based on decades of study of cellular permeability, freezability and empirical generalization. Several improvement are particularly important: the cryopreservation protocol has been continuously refined over the years to achieve greater reproductive performance; cryoprotective agents are more effective and less toxic than previously; there has been significant innovation in advanced cryopreservation systems and carriers. Despite this, there are still problems that urgently require practical solutions, such as remedies for cryodamage and encouraging the use of frozen–thawed porcine sperm in pig production.

Keywords： vitrification gametes embryo animal production cryoprotective agent freezability

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Impact of introducing a herb pasture area into a New Zealand sheep and beef hill country farm system:

Cécile DURANTON, Cory MATTHEW

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages 87-97 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018202

Abstract: These farm systems are continually evolving for increased efficiency, in part through the use of metabolicenergy modeling tools by farmers and farm consultants to explore alternative farm system configurationsModels employed were a self-built Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and a commercial New Zealand farm systemsHerbage production, animal performance and financial results for a base farm scenario created from theaverage of survey data for hill farms in the southern North Island, and the same farm with 10% and 20%

Keywords： farm system configuration herb pasture metabolic energy budgeting plantain sheep and beef farming

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HARNESSING BIODIVERSITY FOR HEALTHY DAIRY FARMS

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 238-244 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022445

Abstract:

Producing sufficient high-quality forage to meet the increasing domestic demand for safe and nutritious milk products is one of the critical challenges that Chinese dairy farms are facing. The increased forage biomass production, mainly contributed by agrochemicals inputs in China, is accompanied by tremendous impacts on the ecology of dairy farms and soil quality. This paper presents a framework for healthy dairy farms in which targeted management practices are applied for quality milk products with minimal adverse environmental impacts. The paper also summarizes biodiversity management practices at the field and landscape scales toward lessening inputs of water, fertilizers, pesticides and mitigating soil compaction. Dairy farming with biodiversity-driven technologies and solutions will be more productive in producing quality milk and minimizing environmental damage.

Keywords： biodiversity / dairy farm / one health concept / soil health

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Analysis and stabilization control of a voltage source controlled wind farm under weak grid conditions

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 6, Pages 943-955 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0793-5

Abstract: This paper investigates and discusses the interaction stability issues of a wind farm with weak gridHowever, when it is applied to multiple WTs within a wind farm, its weak-grid performance regarding theTo this end, a frequency domain model of the wind farm under the VS control is first developed.application of a stability margin quantification index, not only the interactions between the wind farminstability mode is more related to the interactions among the WTs rather than the typical grid-wind farm

Keywords： weak grids voltage source (VS) control wind turbine (WT) stabilization control wind farm inertial

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Blockchain-based smart contract for smart payment in construction: A focus on the payment freezing and

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 177-195 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0184-y

Abstract: Recent development in blockchain technology, particularly its smart contract, seems to provide a newThis study aims to develop a blockchain-based smart contract (BBSC) system for smart payment in the constructionprototype system can improve the certainty and efficiency of the progress payment, thereby enabling smart

Keywords： blockchain construction project smart contract smart payment payment dispute

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Engineering support strategy research of the tideland wind farm construction

Li Zhigang,Zheng Feng,Xiao Bin

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 11, Pages 60-65

Abstract:

Based on the engineering support requirements of the offshore wind farmthe problems effectively of construction engineering support of tideland and the shallow water wind farm

Keywords： wind power sea wind farm tideland engineering support

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A literature review of smart warehouse operations management

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2022, Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages 31-55 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0178-9

Abstract: The “smart warehouse” system, which is equipped with emerging warehousing technologies, is increasinglyThis study provides a holistic view of operations management problems within the context of smart warehousesWe provide a framework to review smart warehouse operations management based on the characteristics ofsmart warehouses, including the perspectives of information interconnection, equipment automation, processThis study could provide future research directions on smart warehouses for academia and industry practitioners

Keywords： smart warehouse operations management interconnection automation integration sustainability

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Exploration of major engineering problems of offshore wind farm

Zhang Chaoran,Li Jing, Liu Xing

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 11, Pages 10-15

Abstract:

China Three Gorges Corporation (CTGPC) is now undertaking the research of offshore wind farms location, wind turbine operation, maintenance technology development, offshore wind turbine construction, development of special test equipment and other subjects related to research topics, which all belong to the National Key Science and Technology Supporting Program of China for the 11th Five-Year Plan, and CTGPC has built several wind turbines with independent intellectual property right in Jiangsu coastal and intertidal zone. CTGPC is exploring the ways to reduce the cost of offshore wind power development,such as through the research of wind measurement, wind resource assessment, foundation structure, transportation and lifting,O&M, and also by promoting the research and development of the large-scale offshore wind turbine. CTGPC is also looking for a new solution to the problem of wind power consumption, by researching of seawater desalination and application of non-grid wind power.

Keywords： offshore wind farm major engineering problems China Three Gorges Corporation

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Potential advantages in combining smart and green infrastructure over silo approaches for future cities

Yamuna KALUARACHCHI

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 98-108 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0136-y

Abstract: Cities are incorporating smart and green infrastructure components in their urban design policies, adaptingResearch has illustrated that smart green infrastructure (SGI) provides not only climate change resilienceWith the growing demand for smart technology, a series of problems and challenges, including governanceThis paper explores the potential to transition from grey, green, or smart silos to work with nature-basedMoreover, the advantages of using integrated smart, green nature-based solutions are discussed.

Keywords： grey infrastructure green infrastructure smart infrastructure smart and green combined infrastructure smart cities future cities

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Smoothing ramp events in wind farm based on dynamic programming in energy internet

Jiang LI, Guodong LIU, Shuo ZHANG

Frontiers in Energy 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 550-559 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0593-8

Abstract:

The concept of energy internet has been gradually accepted, which can optimize the consumption of fossil energy and renewable energy resources. When wind power is integrated into the main grid, ramp events caused by stochastic wind power fluctuation may threaten the security of power systems. This paper proposes a dynamic programming method in smoothing ramp events. First, the energy internet model of wind power, pumped storage power station, and gas power station is established. Then, the optimization problem in the energy internet is transformed into a multi-stage dynamic programming problem, and the dynamic programming method proposed is applied to solve the optimization problem. Finally, the evaluation functions are introduced to evaluate pollutant emissions. The results show that the dynamic programming method proposed is effective for smoothing wind power and reducing ramp events in energy internet.

Keywords： energy internet wind power ramp events dynamic programming